Spain

Country in Europe

In brief

Access to electricity: 100% (2024). World rank 1 of 214 (1 = best); in Europe, 1 of 47. Air passengers per year: 94.1M (2023). World rank 11 of 163; in Europe, 4 of 38. Scientific articles per year: 60,304 (2023). World rank 12 of 197; in Europe, 6 of 45. From 2015 to 2025: electricity use 5,477 → 5,337 (kWh per person) and electricity from fossil fuels 43.6% → 24.4%.

Internet and communications

Using the internet: 95.8% 2024
Mobile subscriptions per 100 people: 130 2024
Home broadband per 100 people: 39.2 2024
Internet domain: .es

Energy

Access to electricity: 100% 2024
Electricity use, kWh per person: 5,337 2025
Renewable share of energy use: 19% 2021
Electricity from renewables: 47% 2021
Electricity from fossil fuels: 24.4% 2025
Mains voltage: 230 V
Plug types: C, F

Transport

Driving side: Right
Air passengers per year: 94,101,520 2023
Airports: 365 2025
Railways, km: 15,489 2020

Science and innovation

Research spending, share of GDP: 1.5% 2023
Researchers per million people: 3,654 2023
Scientific articles per year: 60,304 2023
Patent applications by residents: 1,160 2024
High-tech share of manufactured exports: 9.3% 2024