Spain
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 49.4M (2025). World rank 32 of 216; in Europe, 6 of 48. Area: 505,992 km². World rank 53 of 249; in Europe, 4 of 52. Life expectancy: 83.9 years (2024). World rank 12 of 216 (1 = best); in Europe, 8 of 48. From 2015 to 2025: population 46.4M → 49.4M, GDP $1.2T → $1.9T, and GDP per person $25,982 → $38,627.
State
- Official name
- Kingdom of Spain
- Local name
- España
- Capital
- Madrid
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Felipe VI
- Head of government
- Pedro Sánchez
- Independence
- 1492
- Women in parliament
- 44.3% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 49,355,143 2025
- Area
- 505,992 km²
- GDP
- $1.9T 2025
- GDP per person
- $38,627 2025
- Life expectancy
- 83.9 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Time zones
- UTC+1, UTC+2
- Calling code
- +34
- Emergency numbers
- 061, 091, 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 4,964
- Neighbours
- Andorra, France, Gibraltar, Portugal, Morocco
- Agricultural land
- 49.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Teide, 3,718 m
- Lowest point
- Atlantic Ocean, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 660
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 13
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 25°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 4°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 636 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 97.5 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 80.5% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +96.6K 2025
- Born in another country
- 18.5% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 12.6% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 65.7% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 21.6% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 86.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 81.4 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.1 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 6.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 8.9 2024
Society
- Religions
- Catholic 58.2%, no religion 37.5%, and other 2.7% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 73 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 61.2 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 75.5 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 62.7 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 78.2 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $59,868 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +2.8% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $37,120 2025
- Inflation
- +2.7% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 65 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.7% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 19.6% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 68.4% 2025
- Unemployment
- 10.4% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 24.8% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 52.8% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 36.6% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 32.8% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +3% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1.5% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.4% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 14.9% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 33.4 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.8% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.7% 2021
- Primary school enrolment
- 103% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 119% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 93.8% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.6% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 9.2% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $3,107 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 20.9% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.3 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.4 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.9 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 2.6 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 3.2 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 3 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.3% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 9.7% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 49.9% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 27.6% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 99.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 99.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 97% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.7 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 3.9 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 8.7 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 68.7 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes, floods, and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 10.1 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 4.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 5.9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 38.2% 2024
- Protected areas
- 22.1% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 2,327 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 43.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 95.8% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 130 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 39.2 2024
- Internet domain
- .es
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 5,337 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 19% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 47% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 24.4% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 94,101,520 2023
- Airports
- 365 2025
- Railways, km
- 15,489 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1.5% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 3,654 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 60,304 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 1,160 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 9.3% 2024