Poland

Country in Europe

In brief

Access to electricity: 100% (2024). World rank 1 of 214 (1 = best); in Europe, 1 of 47. Scientific articles per year: 31,218 (2023). World rank 19 of 197; in Europe, 8 of 45. Patent applications by residents: 3,363 (2024). World rank 16 of 140; in Europe, 6 of 43. From 2015 to 2025: electricity use 4,056 → 4,565 (kWh per person) and electricity from fossil fuels 85.8% → 67.4%. Worse than all its neighbours (Belarus, Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine): electricity from fossil fuels.

Internet and communications

Using the internet: 88.6% 2024
Mobile subscriptions per 100 people: 138 2024
Home broadband per 100 people: 25.4 2024
Internet domain: .pl

Energy

Access to electricity: 100% 2024
Electricity use, kWh per person: 4,565 2025
Renewable share of energy use: 15.2% 2021
Electricity from renewables: 17.5% 2021
Electricity from fossil fuels: 67.4% 2025
Mains voltage: 220 / 230 V
Plug types: C, E

Transport

Driving side: Right
Air passengers per year: 8,782,362 2023
Airports: 318 2025
Railways, km: 19,461 2020

Science and innovation

Research spending, share of GDP: 1.6% 2023
Researchers per million people: 3,675 2023
Scientific articles per year: 31,218 2023
Patent applications by residents: 3,363 2024
High-tech share of manufactured exports: 13.5% 2024