Poland
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 36.4M (2025). World rank 44 of 216; in Europe, 8 of 48. Area: 312,679 km². World rank 72 of 249; in Europe, 9 of 52. GDP: $1T (2025). World rank 21 of 210; in Europe, 9 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 38M → 36.4M, GDP $480.1B → $1T, and GDP per person $12,638 → $28,420.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Poland
- Local name
- Polska
- Capital
- Warsaw
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Karol Nawrocki
- Head of government
- Donald Tusk
- Women in parliament
- 31.3% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 36,435,861 2025
- Area
- 312,679 km²
- GDP
- $1T 2025
- GDP per person
- $28,420 2025
- Life expectancy
- 78.4 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Polish
- Currency
- Polish Zloty (PLN)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +48
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 986, 997, 998, 999
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E
- Mains voltage
- 220 / 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 440
- Neighbours
- Belarus, Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine
- Agricultural land
- 46.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Rysy, 2,499 m
- Lowest point
- Raczki Elbląskie, -2 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 173
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 8
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 20°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -4°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 600 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 116.5 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.3% 2025
- Living in cities
- 60.1% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -330.8K 2025
- Born in another country
- 4.5% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 14.5% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64.8% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 20.8% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 82.2 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 74.8 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.1 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 6.9 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 11.2 2024
Society
- Religions
- Catholic 70.7% and no religion 6.9% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 68 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 65.2 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 68.6 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 69.1 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 72.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $54,262 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +3.6% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $25,520 2025
- Inflation
- +3.8% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 52 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.5% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 25.8% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 59.7% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 10.7% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 51.6% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 50% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 47.1% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -1% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.9% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 17.4% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 28.5 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.2% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 98.7% 1978
- Primary school enrolment
- 105% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 108% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 80.9% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.3% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 8.1% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $2,014 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 16.2% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.3 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 6 2022
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 92% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 3.6 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 4.2 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 2 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 8.1% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 62.7% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 21.7% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 90.1% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 99% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 98% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.8 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 9.4 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 13.7 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 77.8 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 16.5 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 7.6 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 9.5 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 31% 2024
- Protected areas
- 38.1% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 1,456 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 32.5% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 88.6% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 138 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 25.4 2024
- Internet domain
- .pl
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 4,565 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 15.2% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 17.5% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 67.4% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 8,782,362 2023
- Airports
- 318 2025
- Railways, km
- 19,461 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1.6% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 3,675 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 31,218 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 3,363 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 13.5% 2024