Latvia

In brief

Infant deaths per 1,000 births: 2.2 (2024). World rank 13 of 196 (1 = best); in Europe, 12 of 44. Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births: 2.5 (2024). World rank 10 of 196 (1 = best); in Europe, 9 of 44. Adults who use tobacco: 34.6% (2024). World rank 152 of 166 (1 = best); in Europe, 35 of 41. From 2014 to 2024: primary school enrolment 99.8% → 97.6%, secondary school enrolment 114% → 101%, and higher education enrolment 70.9% → 82.9%. Better than all its neighbours (Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, and Russia): higher education enrolment. Worse than all its neighbours (Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, and Russia): doctors per 1,000 people, nurses and midwives per 1,000 people, access to clean cooking fuels, maternal deaths per 100,000 births, and out-of-pocket health spending.