Italy

In brief

Adult literacy: 99.3% (2019). World rank 13 of 110 (1 = best); in Europe, 5 of 8. Infant deaths per 1,000 births: 2.3 (2024). World rank 16 of 196 (1 = best); in Europe, 14 of 44. Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births: 2.7 (2024). World rank 14 of 196 (1 = best); in Europe, 13 of 44. From 2014 to 2024: health spending 8.9% → 8.4% (share of GDP), health spending per person $3,190 → $3,398, and out-of-pocket health spending 23% → 22.3% (share of total). Worse than all its neighbours (Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland): nurses and midwives per 1,000 people and out-of-pocket health spending.