Italy
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 58.9M (2025). World rank 25 of 216; in Europe, 5 of 48. Area: 301,336 km². World rank 74 of 249; in Europe, 10 of 52. GDP: $2.6T (2025). World rank 9 of 210; in Europe, 5 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 60.2M → 58.9M, GDP $1.8T → $2.6T, and GDP per person $30,640 → $43,309.
State
- Official name
- Italian Republic
- Local name
- Italia
- Capital
- Rome
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Sergio Mattarella
- Head of government
- Giorgia Meloni
- Independence
- March 17, 1861
- Women in parliament
- 32.8% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 58,915,656 2025
- Area
- 301,336 km²
- GDP
- $2.6T 2025
- GDP per person
- $43,309 2025
- Life expectancy
- 84 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Italian
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +39
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 113, 115, 118
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F, L
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 7,600
- Neighbours
- Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland, Vatican City
- Agricultural land
- 43.6% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mont Blanc, 4,748 m
- Lowest point
- Contane, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 538
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 16
- Warmest month in the capital
- August, 26°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 7°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 832 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 195.5 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 69.7% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +75.4K 2025
- Born in another country
- 11% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 11.7% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 63.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 25.1% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 86 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 82 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.2 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 6.3 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 11 2024
Society
- Religions
- Christian 80.8%, no religion 13.4%, and Muslim 4.9% (2020)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 68.3 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 59.8 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 71.3 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 65.8 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 77.6 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $62,803 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +0.5% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $42,080 2025
- Inflation
- +1.5% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 69 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.1% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 22.6% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 64.5% 2025
- Unemployment
- 6.4% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 20.6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 40.8% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 32.2% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 30.3% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +1.2% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- 0% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.5% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 25.6% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 34.3 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.9% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.3% 2019
- Primary school enrolment
- 104% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 101% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 76% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.1% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 8.4% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $3,398 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 22.3% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.2 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.8 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 3.1 2022
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 95% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 2.3 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 2.7 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 6 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.3% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.7% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 49.2% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 22.4% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 99.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 99.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 99% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.6 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 5.3 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 7 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 73.6 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, landslides, and avalanches
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 14.3 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 5.1 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 6.3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 31.8% 2024
- Protected areas
- 14.8% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 3,093 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 29.8% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 89.2% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 133 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 31.8 2024
- Internet domain
- .it
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 5,178 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 17.5% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 41% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 50.1% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 20,264,734 2023
- Airports
- 655 2025
- Railways, km
- 18,475 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1.4% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 2,855 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 82,771 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 9,120 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 11.9% 2024