Zimbabwe
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 17M (2025). World rank 73 of 216; in Africa, 26 of 54. Area: 390,757 km². World rank 62 of 249; in Africa, 26 of 59. Life expectancy: 63.1 years (2024). World rank 199 of 216 (1 = best); in Africa, 38 of 54. From 2015 to 2025: population 14.4M → 17M, GDP $20B → $51.2B, and GDP per person $1,387 → $3,021. Worse than all its neighbours (Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zambia): life expectancy.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Zimbabwe
- Local name
- Zimbabwe
- Capital
- Harare
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Emmerson Mnangagwa
- Head of government
- Emmerson Mnangagwa
- Independence
- April 18, 1980
- Women in parliament
- 30.1% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 16,950,795 2025
- Area
- 390,757 km²
- GDP
- $51.2B 2025
- GDP per person
- $3,021 2025
- Life expectancy
- 63.1 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Khoisan, Ndau, Northern Ndebele, Nyanja, Shona, Southern Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zimbabwean Sign Language
- Currency
- Botswanan Pula (BWP), Chinese Yuan (CNY), Euro (EUR), British Pound (GBP), Indian Rupee (INR), Japanese Yen (JPY), US Dollar (USD), South African Rand (ZAR), Zimbabwean bonds (ZWB)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +263
- Emergency numbers
- 993, 994, 995, 999
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- G
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia
- Agricultural land
- 48.1% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Nyangani, 2,592 m
- Lowest point
- Runde River, 162 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 961
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 19
- Warmest month in the capital
- November, 23°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- July, 14°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 657 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 43.4 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.9% 2025
- Living in cities
- 40.5% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -54.6K 2025
- Born in another country
- 2.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 40.3% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 56.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.6% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 65.3 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 60.5 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 29.9 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 7.5 2024
Society
- Religions
- other Christian 48.1%, Protestant 30.8%, no religion 8.3%, Catholic 6.4%, and folk religions 5% (2022)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 38.6 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 22 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 34.2 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 33.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 33.9 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $6,470 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +8.1% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Lower-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $2,660 2025
- Inflation
- +105% 2022
- Price level, USA = 100
- 56 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 9.5% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 37.1% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 48.2% 2025
- Unemployment
- 9.3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 15.6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 62.2% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 18.1% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 23.5% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +1.2% 2024
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1.9% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 8.4% 2024
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 7.2% 2018
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 50.3 2019
- Living on under $3 a day
- 49.2% 2019
Education
- Adult literacy
- 93.2% 2019
- Primary school enrolment
- 93.1% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 52.4% 2013
- Higher education enrolment
- 7.8% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 0.4% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 2.9% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $63 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 10.6% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.1 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 3.1 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2 2014
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 90% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 62.4 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 64.7 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 358 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 9.8% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 1.5% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 34.5% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 11% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 67.2% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 34.6% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 37% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 6.8 2022
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 41.2 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 17.3 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 50.3 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 15 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.8 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 1.9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 35.7% 2024
- Protected areas
- 28.3% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 763 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 46.1% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 41.6% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 94 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 1.9 2024
- Internet domain
- .zw
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 62% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 553 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 82.4% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 87.5% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 77.1% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 92,494 2023
- Airports
- 144 2025
- Railways, km
- 3,427 2014
Science and innovation
- Researchers per million people
- 95 2012
- Scientific articles per year
- 520 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 26 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 2.8% 2024