Turkmenistan
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 7.6M (2025). World rank 103 of 216; in Asia, 32 of 49. Area: 488,100 km². World rank 54 of 249; in Asia, 14 of 50. Life expectancy: 70.2 years (2024). World rank 152 of 216 (1 = best); in Asia, 41 of 49. From 2015 to 2025: population 6.2M → 7.6M, GDP $35.8B → $49.8B, and GDP per person $5,759 → $6,540.
State
- Official name
- Turkmenistan
- Local name
- Туркмения
- Capital
- Ashgabat
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Serdar Berdimuhamedow
- Head of government
- Serdar Berdimuhamedow
- Independence
- October 27, 1991
- Women in parliament
- 25.6% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 7,618,847 2025
- Area
- 488,100 km²
- GDP
- $49.8B 2025
- GDP per person
- $6,540 2025
- Life expectancy
- 70.2 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Russian, Turkmen
- Currency
- Turkmenistani Manat (TMT)
- Time zones
- UTC+5
- Calling code
- +993
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- B, C, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
- Agricultural land
- 84.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Aýrybaba, 3,139 m
- Lowest point
- Vpadina Akchanaya, -110 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 230
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 15
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 29°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 3°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 161 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 15.6 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.7% 2025
- Living in cities
- 47.1% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +13.3K 2025
- Born in another country
- 2.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 31.2% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 4.8% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 73 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 67 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 20.9 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 5.8 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 93% and Christian 6.4% (2020)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 35.3 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 21.7 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 28.7 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 23.1 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 20.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $22,602 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +6.3% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $6,340 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 0 2001
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 12.4% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 36% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 48.9% 2025
- Unemployment
- 4.3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 10% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 38.2% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 14.5% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 13.7% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1.4% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.2% 1996
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 40.8 1998
- Living on under $3 a day
- 35.1% 1998
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.9% 2022
- Primary school enrolment
- 95.7% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 94.7% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 20.4% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.3% 2024
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.5% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $581 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 77.4% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 1.9 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 3.5 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 3.6 2021
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 99% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 30.4 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 39 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 5 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.1% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 57% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 5.4% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 99.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 99.7% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1 2015
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 13.5 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 6.8 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 69.7 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, floods, droughts, landslides, and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 31.3 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 10.9 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 15.3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 5% 2024
- Protected areas
- 4.3% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 194 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 135% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 18% 2016
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 88 2021
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 5.2 2022
- Internet domain
- .tm
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 3,397 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 0.1% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 0% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 100% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 1,078,118 2023
- Airports
- 23 2025
- Railways, km
- 5,113 2017
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.1% 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 31 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 44 1999