Tonga
Country in Oceania
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 103.7K (2025). World rank 192 of 216; in Oceania, 13 of 19. Area: 747 km². World rank 194 of 249; in Oceania, 11 of 27. GDP: $679.2M (2025). World rank 203 of 210; in Oceania, 13 of 19. From 2015 to 2025: population 106.1K → 103.7K, GDP $437.5M → $679.2M, and GDP per person $4,124 → $6,547.
State
- Official name
- Kingdom of Tonga
- Local name
- Tonga
- Capital
- Nuku'alofa
- Region
- Oceania
- Form of government
- Constitutional monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Tupou VI
- Head of government
- Fatafehi Fakafānua
- Independence
- June 4, 1970
- Women in parliament
- 3.9% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 103,742 2025
- Area
- 747 km²
- GDP
- $679.2M 2025
- GDP per person
- $6,547 2025
- Life expectancy
- 73.1 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- English, Tongan
- Currency
- Tongan Paʻanga (TOP)
- Time zones
- UTC+13
- Calling code
- +676
- Emergency numbers
- 911, 999
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- I
- Mains voltage
- 240 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 419
- Neighbours
- None
- Agricultural land
- 48.5% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Kao, 1,046 m
- Lowest point
- Pacific Ocean, 0 m
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 25
- Warmest month in the capital
- February, 27°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- August, 23°C
Population and migration
- Population density
- 138.9 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.4% 2025
- Living in cities
- 21.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -2.2K 2025
- Born in another country
- 3.4% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 34.9% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 58.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 6.8% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 76.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 69.5 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.1 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 23 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.4 2024
Society
- Religions
- Protestant 63.9%, other Christian 19.7%, Catholic 13.7%, and other 2.1% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 71.4 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 39.6 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 51.1 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 51.1 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 72.5 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $8,675 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +2.8% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $6,840 2025
- Inflation
- +5.6% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 75 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 18.6% 2024
- Industry, share of GDP
- 17.7% 2024
- Services, share of GDP
- 49.5% 2024
- Unemployment
- 2% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 42.4% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 16.9% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 60.7% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -4.4% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.6% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 39.3% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 20.5% 2023
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 27.1 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.4% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.5% 2023
- Primary school enrolment
- 109% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 92.4% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 42.9% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 5.3% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 7.4% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $358 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 5.9% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 1 2021
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 4.2 2021
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.5 2010
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 99% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 7.8 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 9.5 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 67 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 19.6% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 90.4% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 32.1% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 98.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 93.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 91% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1 2019
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 33 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 4.7 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 88.6 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, volcanoes, and tropical cyclones
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 4.7 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 1.6 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 2.8 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 12.1% 2024
- Protected areas
- 0.1% 2025
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 67.4% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 62 2022
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 8.2 2022
- Internet domain
- .to
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 2.3% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 14.2% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 85.8% 2021
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 75,416 2004
- Airports
- 6 2025
Science and innovation
- Scientific articles per year
- 5 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 5 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 28.5% 2023