Timor-Leste
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 1.4M (2025). World rank 154 of 216; in Asia, 45 of 49. Area: 14,874 km². World rank 160 of 249; in Asia, 41 of 50. GDP: $1.9B (2025). World rank 189 of 210; in Asia, 47 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 1.2M → 1.4M, GDP $1.6B → $1.9B, and GDP per person $1,320 → $1,341. Worse than all its neighbours (Indonesia): life expectancy and GDP per person.
State
- Official name
- Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
- Local name
- Timor-Leste
- Capital
- Dili
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Semi-presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- José Ramos-Horta
- Head of government
- Xanana Gusmão
- Independence
- November 28, 1975
- Women in parliament
- 35.4% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 1,418,517 2025
- Area
- 14,874 km²
- GDP
- $1.9B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,341 2025
- Life expectancy
- 67.9 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Portuguese, Tetum
- Currency
- US Dollar (USD)
- Time zones
- UTC+9
- Calling code
- +670
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- C, E, F, I
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 706
- Neighbours
- Indonesia
- Agricultural land
- 23% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Tatamailau, 2,963 m
- Lowest point
- Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea, 0 m
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 27
- Warmest month in the capital
- November, 29°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- July, 26°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,500 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 95.4 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.3% 2025
- Living in cities
- 28.8% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -2.6K 2025
- Born in another country
- 0.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 33.1% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 61.7% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 5.2% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 69.7 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 66.3 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2.6 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 21.8 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 7.2 2024
Society
- Religions
- Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, and Protestant 1.9% (2022)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 48.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 40.2 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 41.3 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 42.9 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 65.7 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $4,809 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +7% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Lower-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $1,510 2025
- Inflation
- +0.4% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 28 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 20.2% 2024
- Industry, share of GDP
- 11.8% 2024
- Services, share of GDP
- 71.6% 2024
- Unemployment
- 1.6% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 3.7% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 61.7% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 10.6% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 84.9% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -36.9% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +13.3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 10% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 21.6% 2022
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 28.7 2014
- Living on under $3 a day
- 44% 2014
Education
- Adult literacy
- 69.4% 2022
- Primary school enrolment
- 120% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 84.7% 2020
- Higher education enrolment
- 31% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 5.2% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 9.6% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $144 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 7% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.8 2020
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.7 2020
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.4 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 72% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 34.6 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 47.6 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 192 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 3.2% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 14.4% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 48.8% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 87.3% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 72.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 19% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 4.1 2015
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 11.9 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 3.6 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 76.9 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, floods, and landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 12 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 1.4 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 71% 2024
- Protected areas
- 4.7% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 5,999 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 28.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 35% 2021
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 116 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0 2024
- Internet domain
- .tl
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 94.3% 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 11.4% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 0.4% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 99.6% 2021
Transport
- Airports
- 11 2025
Science and innovation
- Scientific articles per year
- 21 2023
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 1.5% 2023