Sudan
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 51.7M (2025). World rank 30 of 216; in Africa, 8 of 54. Area: 1,886,068 km². World rank 17 of 249; in Africa, 3 of 59. GDP per person: $1,165 (2025). World rank 191 of 210 (1 = best); in Africa, 35 of 52. From 2015 to 2025: population 40M → 51.7M, GDP $51.7B → $60.2B, and GDP per person $1,292 → $1,165.
State
- Official name
- Republic of the Sudan
- Local name
- السودان
- Capital
- Khartoum
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
- Head of government
- Abdalla Hamdok
- Independence
- January 1, 1956
- Women in parliament
- 30.5% 2018
Key figures
- Population
- 51,662,147 2025
- Area
- 1,886,068 km²
- GDP
- $60.2B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,165 2025
- Life expectancy
- 66.5 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Arabic, English
- Currency
- Sudanese Pound (SDG)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +249
- Emergency numbers
- 999
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 853
- Neighbours
- Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan
- Agricultural land
- 60.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Deriba Caldera, 3,042 m
- Lowest point
- Red Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 568
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 29
- Warmest month in the capital
- June, 35°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 22°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 250 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 27.4 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.4% 2025
- Living in cities
- 34.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +291.5K 2025
- Born in another country
- 4.8% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 40.2% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 56.4% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.4% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 69.8 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 63.5 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 4.3 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 33 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.3 2024
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 28 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 16.4 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 12.4 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 25.5 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 21.2 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $2,192 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +3.1% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $900 2025
- Inflation
- +139% 2022
- Price level, USA = 100
- 32 2022
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 29.4% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 33.6% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 37% 2025
- Unemployment
- 7.5% 2022
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 12% 2022
- Women in work or seeking work
- 14.5% 2022
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 1.1% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 1.3% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -8.5% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- 0% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 7.4% 2016
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 34.2 2014
- Living on under $3 a day
- 10.1% 2014
Education
- Adult literacy
- 53.5% 2008
- Primary school enrolment
- 72.4% 2019
- Secondary school enrolment
- 43.5% 2019
- Higher education enrolment
- 15.9% 2015
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 2% 2009
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 2.9% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $21 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 57.4% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2017
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.1 2018
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.7 2021
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 46% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 42.9 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 61.6 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 256 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 19% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 38.9% 2022
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 64.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 65.7% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 47% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 5.2 2008
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 26.8 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 3.2 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 29.4 2025
- Natural hazards
- droughts and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 37.6 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.4 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 2.8 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 11.9% 2024
- Protected areas
- 3.3% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 81 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 119% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 18.6% 2017
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 70 2022
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0.1 2022
- Internet domain
- .sd
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 66% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 192 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 61% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 61.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 15.9% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 911,090 2023
- Airports
- 45 2025
- Railways, km
- 7,251 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2005
- Scientific articles per year
- 471 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 153 2020
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 2.2% 2018