Saudi Arabia
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 37M (2025). World rank 43 of 216; in Asia, 18 of 49. Area: 2,149,690 km². World rank 14 of 249; in Asia, 4 of 50. GDP: $1.3T (2025). World rank 19 of 210; in Asia, 7 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 29.8M → 37M, GDP $693.4B → $1.3T, and GDP per person $23,256 → $34,537.
State
- Official name
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Local name
- السعودية
- Capital
- Riyadh
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Absolute monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
- Head of government
- Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
- Women in parliament
- 19.9% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 36,973,555 2025
- Area
- 2,149,690 km²
- GDP
- $1.3T 2025
- GDP per person
- $34,537 2025
- Life expectancy
- 79 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Saudi Riyal (SAR)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +966
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 911, 999
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- G
- Mains voltage
- 220 / 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 2,640
- Neighbours
- Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
- Agricultural land
- 81.7% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- As Sarawat range,, 3,000 m
- Lowest point
- Red Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 665
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 26
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 36°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 14°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 59 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 17.2 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +4.6% 2025
- Living in cities
- 84.6% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +119.7K 2025
- Born in another country
- 40.3% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 23.6% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 73.3% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.1% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 81.3 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 77.3 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2.3 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 16.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 2.3 2024
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 63.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 64.3 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 67.5 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 67 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 26 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $73,784 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +4.5% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $36,070 2025
- Inflation
- +2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 47 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.6% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 43% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 48.9% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 10% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 33.6% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 29.7% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 28.2% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -2.6% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.6% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 8.1% 2024
Education
- Adult literacy
- 97.9% 2024
- Primary school enrolment
- 104% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 111% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 83.9% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.5% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.7% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $1,825 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 14.1% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 3.4 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.6 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.4 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 96% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 4.7 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 6 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 7 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 23.1% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 71.8% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 14.7% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 99% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 97.6% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.9 2019
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 35.9 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 65.9 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 73.5 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 18.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 23.8 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 1.3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 17% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 75 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 974% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 100% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 160 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 44.1 2024
- Internet domain
- .sa .السعودية
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 11,808 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 0.1% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 0.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 98.5% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 47,979,994 2023
- Airports
- 90 2025
- Railways, km
- 5,410 2016
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.6% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 1,235 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 24,595 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 3,108 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 0.5% 2024