Rwanda
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 14.6M (2025). World rank 76 of 216; in Africa, 29 of 54. Area: 26,338 km². World rank 149 of 249; in Africa, 47 of 59. GDP per person: $1,124 (2025). World rank 193 of 210 (1 = best); in Africa, 37 of 52. From 2015 to 2025: population 11.6M → 14.6M, GDP $8.4B → $16.4B, and GDP per person $726 → $1,124.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Rwanda
- Local name
- Rwanda
- Capital
- Kigali
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Paul Kagame
- Head of government
- Justin Nsengiyumva
- Independence
- July 1, 1962
- Women in parliament
- 63.8% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 14,569,341 2025
- Area
- 26,338 km²
- GDP
- $16.4B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,124 2025
- Life expectancy
- 68 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- English, French, Kinyarwanda
- Currency
- Rwandan Franc (RWF)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +250
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 912
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E, G
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda
- Agricultural land
- 75.7% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Karisimbi, 4,519 m
- Lowest point
- Ruzizi River, 950 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 1,598
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 20
- Warmest month in the capital
- February, 21°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- June, 19°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,212 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 553.2 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.2% 2025
- Living in cities
- 30.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +6.3K 2025
- Born in another country
- 3.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 37% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 59% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 4% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 70.1 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 65.7 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 28.1 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 5.9 2024
Society
- Religions
- Protestant 48.1%, Catholic 39.9%, other Christian 4.2%, no religion 3%, and Muslim 2% (2022)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 60.3 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 60.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 59.7 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 59.9 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 43.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $4,164 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +9.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $1,150 2025
- Inflation
- +5.9% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 27 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 20.3% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 22% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 52.3% 2025
- Unemployment
- 11.4% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 16.4% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 57.3% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 21.6% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 35.1% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -12% 2024
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +5.9% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 3.4% 2024
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 12.7% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 39.4 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 38.6% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 78.8% 2022
- Primary school enrolment
- 150% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 48.8% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 9.4% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.6% 2024
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.1% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $53 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 4.1% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.1 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.1 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.8 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 29.4 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 37.7 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 229 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 2.1% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 19.8% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 10.1% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 61.4% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 81.3% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 9% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 3.6 2020
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 29.4 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 8.7 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 67.8 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 36 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.2 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 0.6 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 26.1% 2024
- Protected areas
- 9.1% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 696 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 20.2% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 31.7% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 93 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0.6 2024
- Internet domain
- .rw
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 72% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 79 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 79.9% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 59.9% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 40.8% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 1,537,008 2023
- Airports
- 8 2025
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.8% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 133 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 434 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 8 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 4.8% 2022