Russia
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 143.5M (2025). World rank 9 of 216; in Europe, 1 of 48. Area: 17,098,242 km². World rank 1 of 249; in Europe, 1 of 52. GDP: $2.6T (2025). World rank 8 of 210; in Europe, 4 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 144.6M → 143.5M, GDP $1.4T → $2.6T, and GDP per person $9,278 → $17,547.
State
- Official name
- Russian Federation
- Local name
- Россия
- Capital
- Moscow
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Semi-presidential federation
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Vladimir Putin
- Head of government
- Mikhail Mishustin
- Independence
- December 25, 1991
- Women in parliament
- 16.4% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 143,513,328 2025
- Area
- 17,098,242 km²
- GDP
- $2.6T 2025
- GDP per person
- $17,547 2025
- Life expectancy
- 73.4 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Russian
- Currency
- Russian Ruble (RUB)
- Time zones
- UTC+2 – UTC+12
- Calling code
- +7
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 37,653
- Neighbours
- Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Ukraine
- Agricultural land
- 13.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m
- Lowest point
- Caspian Sea, -28 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 600
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 4
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 19°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -11°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 460 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 8.4 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 75.3% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -251.8K 2025
- Born in another country
- 5.3% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 17% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 65.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 17.8% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 78.9 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 68.3 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.4 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 8.4 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 12.4 2024
Society
- Religions
- Orthodox 15–20%, Muslim 10–15%, and other Christian 2% (2006)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 37.7 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 28.2 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 42.1 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 34.9 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 31.3 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $49,568 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +1% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $15,960 2025
- Inflation
- +8.7% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 35 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 3.1% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 29.7% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 58.9% 2025
- Unemployment
- 2.1% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 7.6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 54.6% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 18.2% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 15.5% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +1.5% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +0.4% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.1% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 10.9% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 33 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.1% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.9% 2021
- Primary school enrolment
- 97.8% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 92.5% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 60.4% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.2% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 7% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $1,003 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 28.4% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 5.1 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 7 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 6.8 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 4.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 5.2 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 9 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 5.9% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 58.8% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 27% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 96.9% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 92.2% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 6.8 2021
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 12 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 21.4 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 49.1 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and wildfires
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 11.6 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 14 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 17.9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 50.8% 2024
- Protected areas
- 8.6% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 29,895 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 4.1% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 94.4% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 186 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 27.1 2024
- Internet domain
- .ru .su .рф
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 7,774 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 3.5% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 19.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 64.3% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 98,872,628 2023
- Airports
- 905 2025
- Railways, km
- 85,494 2019
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.9% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 2,639 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 85,558 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 21,502 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 9.7% 2021