Romania
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 19M (2025). World rank 67 of 216; in Europe, 9 of 48. Area: 238,391 km². World rank 84 of 249; in Europe, 12 of 52. GDP: $428.7B (2025). World rank 38 of 210; in Europe, 16 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 19.8M → 19M, GDP $177.9B → $428.7B, and GDP per person $8,977 → $22,538.
State
- Official name
- Romania
- Local name
- România
- Capital
- Bucharest
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Semi-presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Nicușor Dan
- Head of government
- Luca Niculescu
- Independence
- May 9, 1877
- Women in parliament
- 22.4% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 19,020,271 2025
- Area
- 238,391 km²
- GDP
- $428.7B 2025
- GDP per person
- $22,538 2025
- Life expectancy
- 76.5 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Romanian
- Currency
- Romanian Leu (RON)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +40
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 225
- Neighbours
- Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine
- Agricultural land
- 55.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Moldoveanu Peak, 2,544 m
- Lowest point
- Black Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 414
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 12
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 25°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -2°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 637 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 79.8 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.2% 2025
- Living in cities
- 52.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -29K 2025
- Born in another country
- 3.4% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 15.6% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64.3% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 20.1% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 80.3 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 72.8 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.4 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 7.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 12.8 2024
Society
- Religions
- Orthodox 85.3%, Protestant 5.5%, other 4.7%, and Catholic 4.5% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 63.5 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 48 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 59.9 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 60.1 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 65.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $50,895 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +0.7% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $20,190 2025
- Inflation
- +7.2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 44 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 3% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 25.3% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 61.7% 2025
- Unemployment
- 6% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 24.5% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 41.8% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 35.5% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 40.7% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -7.9% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.2% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 2.5% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 16.2% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 29.8 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.7% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.2% 2021
- Primary school enrolment
- 85% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 81.6% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 55.2% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.3% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.7% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $1,051 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 23% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 3.6 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 8.3 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 7.2 2022
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 78% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 6 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 7.3 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 12 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.5% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 65.1% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 29.7% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 90.5% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 96% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.1 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 10.3 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 9.6 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 69.2 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes and landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 16 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 3.7 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 5.4 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 30.2% 2024
- Protected areas
- 24.3% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 2,225 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 7.6% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 91.3% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 120 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 35.8 2024
- Internet domain
- .ro
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 2,682 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 23.6% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 44.9% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 33.2% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 2,806,654 2023
- Airports
- 103 2025
- Railways, km
- 10,628 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.5% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 1,082 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 10,713 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 747 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 13.4% 2024