Panama
Country in Americas
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 4.6M (2025). World rank 128 of 216; in Americas, 21 of 46. Area: 75,417 km². World rank 120 of 249; in Americas, 22 of 56. Life expectancy: 79.8 years (2024). World rank 53 of 216 (1 = best); in Americas, 9 of 46. From 2015 to 2025: population 4M → 4.6M, GDP $55.8B → $90.5B, and GDP per person $14,083 → $19,790.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Panama
- Local name
- Panamá
- Capital
- Panama City
- Region
- Americas
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- José Raúl Mulino
- Head of government
- José Raúl Mulino
- Independence
- November 3, 1903
- Women in parliament
- 21.7% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 4,571,189 2025
- Area
- 75,417 km²
- GDP
- $90.5B 2025
- GDP per person
- $19,790 2025
- Life expectancy
- 79.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Spanish
- Currency
- Panamanian Balboa (PAB), US Dollar (USD)
- Time zones
- UTC−5
- Calling code
- +507
- Emergency numbers
- 103, 104, 911
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- A, B
- Mains voltage
- 110 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 2,490
- Neighbours
- Colombia, Costa Rica
- Agricultural land
- 23.1% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Volcan Baru, 3,475 m
- Lowest point
- Caribbean Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 360
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 27
- Warmest month in the capital
- April, 28°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 27°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 2,928 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 60.6 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.2% 2025
- Living in cities
- 66.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +6.2K 2025
- Born in another country
- 10.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 24.5% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 65.8% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 9.7% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 82.7 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 76.9 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2.1 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 15.9 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 4.9 2024
Society
- Religions
- Protestant 55%, Catholic 33.4%, and no religion 10.1% (2023)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 53.6 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 36.8 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 56.8 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 53.4 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 66.5 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $43,902 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +4.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $19,140 2025
- Inflation
- -0.2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 45 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.6% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 24.9% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 70% 2025
- Unemployment
- 8.4% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 19.8% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 54.9% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 44.4% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 39.3% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -0.2% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.7% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 7.2% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 49.7 2024
- Living on under $3 a day
- 3.1% 2024
Education
- Adult literacy
- 96.2% 2024
- Primary school enrolment
- 96.9% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 76.6% 2017
- Higher education enrolment
- 53.7% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 2.5% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 8.3% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $1,558 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 40.5% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 1.6 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 3.4 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 93% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 12 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 15.3 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 37 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 1.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 11.1% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 71.6% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 4.8% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 95.3% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 89.1% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 94% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 11.7 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 13.9 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 3.3 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 69.9 2025
- Natural hazards
- wildfires
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 15.1 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 2.7 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 4.3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 62.3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 27.2% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 31,040 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 0.9% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 72.8% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 157 2023
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 18.1 2023
- Internet domain
- .pa
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 96% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 2,242 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 28% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 69% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 27.9% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 15,750,293 2023
- Airports
- 77 2025
- Railways, km
- 77 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 250 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 282 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 11 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 1.8% 2024