Netherlands
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 18.1M (2025). World rank 71 of 216; in Europe, 10 of 48. Area: 41,850 km². World rank 135 of 249; in Europe, 30 of 52. GDP per person: $73,684 (2025). World rank 16 of 210 (1 = best); in Europe, 11 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 16.9M → 18.1M, GDP $775.7B → $1.3T, and GDP per person $45,794 → $73,684. Better than all its neighbours (Belgium and Germany): GDP per person.
State
- Official name
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Local name
- Nederland
- Capital
- Amsterdam
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- William Alexander of the Netherlands
- Head of government
- Rob Jetten
- Independence
- July 26, 1581
- Women in parliament
- 43.3% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 18,087,633 2025
- Area
- 41,850 km²
- GDP
- $1.3T 2025
- GDP per person
- $73,684 2025
- Life expectancy
- 82 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Dutch
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +31
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 451
- Neighbours
- Belgium, Germany
- Agricultural land
- 53.4% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Scenery, 862 m
- Lowest point
- Zuidplaspolder, -7 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 30
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 10
- Warmest month in the capital
- August, 18°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 4°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 778 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 432.2 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +0.5% 2025
- Living in cities
- 95.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +104.7K 2025
- Born in another country
- 16.2% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 14.9% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 20.9% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 83.4 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 80.6 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.4 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 9.2 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 9.6 2024
Society
- Religions
- no religion 54.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8%, other 5.9%, and Muslim 5% (2019)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 86.2 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 85.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 88 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 80.2 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 86.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $87,320 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +1.8% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $68,530 2025
- Inflation
- +3.2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 85 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 1.7% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 17.7% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 70.4% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3.9% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 8.8% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 62.7% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 80.7% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 69.5% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +7.6% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +0.3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.4% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 25.3% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 25.7 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.1% 2021
Education
- Primary school enrolment
- 104% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 138% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 86.6% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 5.2% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 10% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $6,845 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 11.8% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 3.9 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 11.7 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.4 2022
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 89% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 3.4 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 3.9 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 4 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 5% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 45.9% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 20.5% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 97.7% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.7 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 4 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 11.5 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 75 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes and floods
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 8.6 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 6.6 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 8.1 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 11% 2024
- Protected areas
- 29.8% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 621 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 16.7% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 97% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 129 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 43 2024
- Internet domain
- .nl
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 6,447 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 12.2% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 33.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 46.6% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 41,436,802 2023
- Airports
- 44 2025
- Railways, km
- 3,055 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 2.3% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 6,563 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 32,207 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 1,781 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 23.5% 2024