Nepal
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 29.6M (2025). World rank 52 of 216; in Asia, 20 of 49. Area: 147,181 km². World rank 96 of 249; in Asia, 27 of 50. GDP per person: $1,536 (2025). World rank 182 of 210 (1 = best); in Asia, 43 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 27.8M → 29.6M, GDP $24.4B → $45.5B, and GDP per person $876 → $1,536. Worse than all its neighbours (China and India): life expectancy and GDP per person.
State
- Official name
- Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
- Local name
- नेपाल
- Capital
- Kathmandu
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Ram Chandra Poudel
- Head of government
- Pushpa Kamal Dahal
- Women in parliament
- 33.1% 2024
Key figures
- Population
- 29,618,118 2025
- Area
- 147,181 km²
- GDP
- $45.5B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,536 2025
- Life expectancy
- 70.6 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Nepali
- Currency
- Nepalese Rupee (NPR)
- Time zones
- UTC+5:45
- Calling code
- +977
- Emergency numbers
- 100, 101, 102
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- C, D
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- China, India
- Agricultural land
- 26.1% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Everest, 8,849 m
- Lowest point
- Kechana Kawal, 70 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 2,565
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 22
- Warmest month in the capital
- June, 28°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 13°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,500 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 201.2 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 67% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -364.7K 2025
- Born in another country
- 1.6% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 28.1% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 65.3% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 6.6% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 72.1 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 69.1 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 19 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 7 2024
Society
- Religions
- Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, folk religions 3.2%, and Christian 1.8% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 53.6 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 32.5 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 36.6 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 44.3 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 54.6 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $6,175 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +4.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Lower-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $1,570 2025
- Inflation
- +2.7% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 24 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 21.6% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 12.1% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 54.4% 2025
- Unemployment
- 10.5% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 20.6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 27.5% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 8.8% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 33.7% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +10.7% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +0.1% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 32.3% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 13.9% 2023
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 30 2022
- Living on under $3 a day
- 2.4% 2022
Education
- Adult literacy
- 68.7% 2019
- Primary school enrolment
- 129% 2025
- Secondary school enrolment
- 90.4% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 21.3% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.7% 2024
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 6.2% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $84 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 59.4% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 1 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 4.1 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.5 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 22.2 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 25.1 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 142 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.7% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 30.9% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 28.7% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 93.6% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 86% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 45% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 2.1 2020
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 16.3 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 10.1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 57.8 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods, droughts, and landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 53.2 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 1.4 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 43.6% 2024
- Protected areas
- 23.6% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 6,670 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 8.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 46.3% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 100 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 10.1 2024
- Internet domain
- .np
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 97.9% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 389 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 73.7% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 84% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 0% 2022
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 4,289,298 2023
- Airports
- 51 2025
- Railways, km
- 59 2018
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.3% 2010
- Researchers per million people
- 60 2002
- Scientific articles per year
- 1,591 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 20 2017
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 0.6% 2022