Moldova
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 2.4M (2025). World rank 145 of 216; in Europe, 30 of 48. Area: 33,846 km². World rank 140 of 249; in Europe, 32 of 52. Life expectancy: 71.3 years (2024). World rank 143 of 216 (1 = best); in Europe, 48 of 48. From 2015 to 2025: population 2.8M → 2.4M, GDP $7.8B → $20.4B, and GDP per person $2,750 → $8,622. Worse than all its neighbours (Romania and Ukraine): life expectancy.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Moldova
- Local name
- Moldova
- Capital
- Chișinău
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Maia Sandu
- Head of government
- Vasile Tofan
- Independence
- August 27, 1991
- Women in parliament
- 39.6% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 2,360,527 2025
- Area
- 33,846 km²
- GDP
- $20.4B 2025
- GDP per person
- $8,622 2025
- Life expectancy
- 71.3 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Romanian
- Currency
- Moldovan Leu (MDL)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +373
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Romania, Ukraine
- Agricultural land
- 73.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Bălănești Hill, 430 m
- Lowest point
- Dniester, 2 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 139
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 10
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 24°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -4°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 450 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 69.7 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -1.8% 2025
- Living in cities
- 43.7% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -29.8K 2025
- Born in another country
- 6.2% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 19.5% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 63.6% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 16.9% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 75.7 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 66.7 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 10.6 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 13.8 2024
Society
- Religions
- Orthodox 90.1% and other Christian 2.6% (2014)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 56.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 42.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 56.7 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 54.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 62.5 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $19,996 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +2.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $8,050 2025
- Inflation
- +7.8% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 43 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 7.4% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 16.9% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 61.5% 2025
- Unemployment
- 1.5% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 4.2% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 72.3% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 31.8% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 60.9% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -19.6% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 9.4% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 18.8% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 26.8 2024
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0% 2024
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.4% 2014
- Primary school enrolment
- 108% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 99.3% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 74.7% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 6.6% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 6.7% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $452 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 27.5% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.3 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 5.5 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 84% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 15.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 16.5 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 19 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.9% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 6.3% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 61.2% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 28.8% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 92.7% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 86.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 98% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 2.5 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 7.3 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 14.1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 63.6 2025
- Natural hazards
- landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 15 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 3.4 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 4.9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 11.3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 11.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 641 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 12.6% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 77.4% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 120 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 29.6 2024
- Internet domain
- .md
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 2,550 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 21.4% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 6.5% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 86.1% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 827,604 2023
- Airports
- 10 2025
- Railways, km
- 1,171 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 650 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 335 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 35 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 2.9% 2024