Mali
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 25.2M (2025). World rank 58 of 216; in Africa, 19 of 54. Area: 1,240,192 km². World rank 25 of 249; in Africa, 8 of 59. Life expectancy: 60.7 years (2024). World rank 210 of 216 (1 = best); in Africa, 48 of 54. From 2015 to 2025: population 18.6M → 25.2M, GDP $15.6B → $30.1B, and GDP per person $838 → $1,193. Worse than all its neighbours (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal): life expectancy.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Mali
- Local name
- Mali
- Capital
- Bamako
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Semi-presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Assimi Goïta
- Head of government
- Abdoulaye Maïga
- Independence
- September 22, 1960
- Women in parliament
- 30.1% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 25,198,821 2025
- Area
- 1,240,192 km²
- GDP
- $30.1B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,193 2025
- Life expectancy
- 60.7 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- French
- Currency
- West African CFA Franc (XOF)
- Time zones
- UTC
- Calling code
- +223
- Emergency numbers
- 15, 17, 18, 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
- Agricultural land
- 34.1% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Hombori, 1,155 m
- Lowest point
- Senegal River, 23 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 343
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 28
- Warmest month in the capital
- April, 33°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 24°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 282 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 20.3 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.9% 2025
- Living in cities
- 32.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -48K 2025
- Born in another country
- 2.2% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 45.8% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 51.8% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 2.4% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 62.2 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 59.3 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 5.5 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 39.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 8.5 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 93.9%, Christian 2.8%, and no religion 2.5% (2018)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 39.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 29.1 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 24.3 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 41.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 34.7 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $3,503 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +5.6% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $1,120 2025
- Inflation
- +3.3% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 34 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 33% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 23.4% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 36.6% 2025
- Unemployment
- 2.8% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 3.9% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 52.8% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 22.1% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 26.7% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -4.3% 2024
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.8% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 4% 2024
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 12% 2020
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 35.7 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 36.1% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 35.6% 2024
- Primary school enrolment
- 72.8% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 38.9% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 5.1% 2015
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.2% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 3.8% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $34 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 47.2% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.2 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2018
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 72% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 47.5 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 73 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 367 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.8% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 4.8% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 33.3% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 7.4% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 86.4% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 47.8% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 2% 2024
Safety
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 22.7 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 4.2 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 21.8 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods, droughts, and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 35.5 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.3 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 2 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 8.7% 2024
- Protected areas
- 7.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 2,600 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 8% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 36.8% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 112 2022
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0.8 2022
- Internet domain
- .ml
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 49.5% 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 71.1% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 62.3% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 37.7% 2021
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 0 2014
- Airports
- 30 2025
- Railways, km
- 593 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 26 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 117 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 1 1981
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 5.4% 2023