Madagascar
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 32.7M (2025). World rank 49 of 216; in Africa, 15 of 54. Area: 587,041 km². World rank 47 of 249; in Africa, 21 of 59. GDP per person: $599 (2025). World rank 207 of 210 (1 = best); in Africa, 50 of 52. From 2015 to 2025: population 25.4M → 32.7M, GDP $11.3B → $19.6B, and GDP per person $445 → $599.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Madagascar
- Local name
- Madagascar
- Capital
- Antananarivo
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Semi-presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Michael Randrianirina
- Head of government
- Mamitiana Rajaonarison
- Independence
- June 26, 1960
- Women in parliament
- 14.1% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 32,740,678 2025
- Area
- 587,041 km²
- GDP
- $19.6B 2025
- GDP per person
- $599 2025
- Life expectancy
- 63.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- French, Malagasy
- Currency
- Malagasy Ariary (MGA)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +261
- Emergency numbers
- 117, 118, 124
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E, J, K
- Mains voltage
- 127 / 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 4,828
- Neighbours
- None
- Agricultural land
- 70.4% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Maromokotro, 2,876 m
- Lowest point
- Indian Ocean, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 615
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 17
- Warmest month in the capital
- December, 19°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- July, 12°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,513 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 55.8 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.4% 2025
- Living in cities
- 32.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -2.2K 2025
- Born in another country
- 0.1% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 38.9% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 57.6% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.5% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 65.6 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 62.1 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.9 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 31.7 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 7.5 2024
Society
- Religions
- Protestant 34%, Catholic 32.3%, no religion 21.9%, other Christian 8.1%, and folk religions 1.7% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 43.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 27.1 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 34.5 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 41.2 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 45.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $1,952 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +3% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $560 2025
- Inflation
- +8.1% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 31 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 21.7% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 23.9% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 48.8% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 5.3% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 82.9% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 21.3% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 32.9% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -5.2% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +4.5% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 3.1% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 10.9% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 36.8 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 69.2% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 74.7% 2021
- Primary school enrolment
- 133% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 34.1% 2021
- Higher education enrolment
- 6.2% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.1% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 3.4% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $17 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 27.4% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.2 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2014
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 46% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 43 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 62.4 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 445 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.5% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 4.6% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 17% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 25.6% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 55.3% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 15.4% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 2% 2024
Safety
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 29.2 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 6.1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 56.4 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes, tropical cyclones, and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 12.4 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.2 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 1.1 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 17.3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 5.1% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 11,072 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 11.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 18.7% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 75 2023
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0.1 2023
- Internet domain
- .mg
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 42.5% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 77 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 83.1% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 34.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 58.7% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 313,313 2023
- Airports
- 93 2025
- Railways, km
- 836 2018
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0% 2017
- Researchers per million people
- 33 2018
- Scientific articles per year
- 153 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 3 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 1% 2024