Luxembourg
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 687K (2025). World rank 166 of 216; in Europe, 38 of 48. Area: 2,586 km². World rank 180 of 249; in Europe, 40 of 52. GDP per person: $147,252 (2025). World rank 3 of 210 (1 = best); in Europe, 3 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 569.6K → 687K, GDP $60.1B → $101.2B, and GDP per person $105,462 → $147,252. Better than all its neighbours (Belgium, France, and Germany): life expectancy and GDP per person.
State
- Official name
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Local name
- Luxemburg
- Capital
- Luxembourg
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Constitutional monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Guillaume V
- Head of government
- Luc Frieden
- Independence
- 1839
- Women in parliament
- 35% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 686,970 2025
- Area
- 2,586 km²
- GDP
- $101.2B 2025
- GDP per person
- $147,252 2025
- Life expectancy
- 83.2 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- German, French, Luxembourgish
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +352
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 113
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Belgium, France, Germany
- Agricultural land
- 51.7% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Kneiff, 559 m
- Lowest point
- Moselle River, 133 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 325
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 10
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 19°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 1°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 934 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 265.6 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.5% 2025
- Living in cities
- 94.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +5.2K 2025
- Born in another country
- 51.2% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 15.8% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 68.4% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 15.8% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 85.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 81 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.3 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 9.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.6 2024
Society
- Religions
- Christian 70.6%, no religion 26.7%, and Muslim 2.3% (2020)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 86.8 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 86.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 92.8 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 83.8 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 87.1 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $156,542 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +0.6% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $95,720 2025
- Inflation
- +2.3% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 94 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 8.9% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 81.5% 2025
- Unemployment
- 6.3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 21.5% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 57.5% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 191% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 159% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +0.6% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- -32.7% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 2.7% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 28.6% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 33.6 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.1% 2023
Education
- Primary school enrolment
- 99.2% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 109% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 22.4% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.7% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.9% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $8,170 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 8.5% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 3 2017
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 13.7 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 4 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 99% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 1.9 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 2.2 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 11 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.3% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 5.8% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 51.5% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 24.5% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 97.6% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.5 2022
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 4.1 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 8.2 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 86.5 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 7.4 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 10.6 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 11.9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 34.5% 2024
- Protected areas
- 39.1% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 1,531 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 4% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 99.1% 2025
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 144 2023
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 40.3 2024
- Internet domain
- .lu
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 10,209 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 20.5% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 89% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 2.8% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 2,457,683 2023
- Airports
- 3 2025
- Railways, km
- 271 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1.1% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 5,359 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 1,176 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 119 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 5.1% 2024