Kazakhstan
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 20.8M (2025). World rank 64 of 216; in Asia, 24 of 49. Area: 2,724,900 km². World rank 10 of 249; in Asia, 3 of 50. GDP: $306.2B (2025). World rank 49 of 210; in Asia, 19 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 18.1M → 20.8M, GDP $184.4B → $306.2B, and GDP per person $10,196 → $14,692.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Kazakhstan
- Local name
- Қазақстан
- Capital
- Astana
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
- Head of government
- Olzhas Bektenov
- Independence
- December 16, 1991
- Women in parliament
- 18.4% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 20,843,754 2025
- Area
- 2,724,900 km²
- GDP
- $306.2B 2025
- GDP per person
- $14,692 2025
- Life expectancy
- 74.5 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Kazakh, Russian
- Currency
- Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT)
- Time zones
- UTC+5
- Calling code
- +7
- Emergency numbers
- 101, 102, 103, 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
- Agricultural land
- 79.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Khan Tengri, 7,010 m
- Lowest point
- Qauyndy Oyysy, -132 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 387
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 3
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 21°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -17°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 250 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 7.6 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.2% 2025
- Living in cities
- 62.4% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -8.8K 2025
- Born in another country
- 10.1% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 29.1% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 61.9% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 9% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 78.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 70.3 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 19.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.7 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 69.3%, Christian 17.2%, and no religion 2.3% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 51.9 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 42.8 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 54.5 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 55.9 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 40.1 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $44,293 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +6.5% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $13,740 2025
- Inflation
- +11.4% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 33 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 3.7% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 32.4% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 57.7% 2025
- Unemployment
- 4.8% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 3.8% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 62.7% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 31.6% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 25.6% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -4.1% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- -0.3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.1% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 11.9% 2023
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 29.2 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 99.7% 2009
- Primary school enrolment
- 97.3% 2025
- Secondary school enrolment
- 97.6% 2025
- Higher education enrolment
- 52.9% 2025
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.9% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 3.8% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $490 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 27.6% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 3.8 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.5 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 6.5 2020
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 93% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 7.4 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 9.4 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 10 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.3% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 6.8% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 53.1% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 21.1% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 97.8% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 97.9% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 96% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 2.6 2022
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 12.7 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 14.6 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 62 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes and landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 19.6 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 12.6 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 16 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 1.3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 11.8% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 3,212 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 34.6% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 93.4% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 127 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 15.3 2024
- Internet domain
- .kz .қаз
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 5,667 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 2% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 11% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 85.9% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 11,884,241 2023
- Airports
- 132 2025
- Railways, km
- 16,636 2021
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 758 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 3,819 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 841 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 42.2% 2024