Iraq
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 47M (2025). World rank 34 of 216; in Asia, 14 of 49. Area: 438,317 km². World rank 60 of 249; in Asia, 16 of 50. GDP: $254.4B (2025). World rank 54 of 210; in Asia, 20 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 37.6M → 47M, GDP $166.8B → $254.4B, and GDP per person $4,440 → $5,410. Worse than all its neighbours (Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Türkiye): life expectancy.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Iraq
- Local name
- العراق
- Capital
- Baghdad
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Nizar Amidi
- Head of government
- Muhammad Shia' al-Sudani
- Independence
- October 3, 1932
- Women in parliament
- 25.5% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 47,020,774 2025
- Area
- 438,317 km²
- GDP
- $254.4B 2025
- GDP per person
- $5,410 2025
- Life expectancy
- 72.4 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Arabic, Aramaic, Central Kurdish
- Currency
- Iraqi Dinar (IQD)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +964
- Emergency numbers
- 104, 115, 122, 911
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, G
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 58
- Neighbours
- Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Türkiye
- Agricultural land
- 21.7% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Cheekha Dar, 3,611 m
- Lowest point
- Persian Gulf, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 312
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 24
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 37°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 9°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 216 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 107.3 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 69.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -1.1K 2025
- Born in another country
- 0.8% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 36% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 60.5% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.5% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 74.2 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 70.5 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.2 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 25.6 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 4.2 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 95–98%, Christian 1%, and other 1–4% (2015)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 35.7 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 22.8 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 31.5 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 38 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 42.6 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $14,267 2025
- GDP growth per year
- -2.2% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $5,690 2025
- Inflation
- +0.3% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 38 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 3.4% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 45.4% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 52.3% 2025
- Unemployment
- 15.5% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 32% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 10.9% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 39.8% 2024
- Imports, share of GDP
- 37.4% 2024
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +1.9% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- -3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.3% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 1.3% 2019
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 29.8 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.5% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 84.1% 2021
- Primary school enrolment
- 105% 2007
- Secondary school enrolment
- 50.6% 2007
- Higher education enrolment
- 15.6% 2005
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.6% 1989
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5.5% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $333 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 54% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 1 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 2.7 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 1.1 2018
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 91% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 20.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 21.8 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 66 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 13.4% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 73.3% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 20.1% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 98.4% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 98.5% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 99% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 9.5 2013
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 27.3 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 3 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 32.9 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 49.5 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 5.2 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 9 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 1.6% 2024
- Protected areas
- 1.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 799 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 59.6% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 81.5% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 100 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 17.6 2024
- Internet domain
- .iq
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 1,756 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 1.1% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 3.8% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 97.8% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 3,756,178 2023
- Airports
- 73 2025
- Railways, km
- 2,272 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0% 2021
- Researchers per million people
- 164 2021
- Scientific articles per year
- 16,724 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 556 2024