India
Country in Asia
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 1.5B (2025). World rank 1 of 216; in Asia, 1 of 49. Area: 3,287,590 km². World rank 8 of 249; in Asia, 2 of 50. GDP: $4T (2025). World rank 6 of 210; in Asia, 3 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 1.3B → 1.5B, GDP $2.1T → $4T, and GDP per person $1,584 → $2,702.
State
- Official name
- Republic of India
- Local name
- India
- Capital
- New Delhi
- Region
- Asia
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Droupadi Murmu
- Head of government
- Narendra Modi
- Independence
- August 15, 1947
- Women in parliament
- 13.8% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 1,463,865,525 2025
- Area
- 3,287,590 km²
- GDP
- $4T 2025
- GDP per person
- $2,702 2025
- Life expectancy
- 72.2 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- English, Hindi, Tamil
- Currency
- Indian Rupee (INR)
- Time zones
- UTC+5:30
- Calling code
- +91
- Emergency numbers
- 100, 101, 102, 108, 112
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- C, D
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 7,000
- Neighbours
- Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Nepal, Pakistan
- Agricultural land
- 59.9% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Kanchenjunga, 8,586 m
- Lowest point
- Kuttanad, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 160
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 26
- Warmest month in the capital
- June, 36°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 14°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,083 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 445.3 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +0.9% 2025
- Living in cities
- 35.7% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -495.8K 2025
- Born in another country
- 0.3% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 24.2% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 68.4% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 7.4% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 73.9 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 70.7 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 16 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.6 2024
Society
- Religions
- Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, other 2%, and Sikh 1.7% (2011)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 56.5 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 42.4 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 62.6 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 52.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 54.9 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $11,748 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +7.6% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Lower-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $2,760 2025
- Inflation
- +2.4% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 23 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 16.2% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 25.2% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 49.3% 2025
- Unemployment
- 4.2% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 16% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 32.4% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 22.3% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 24% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -0.5% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 3.8% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 6.9% 2022
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 23 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 2.6% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 78.2% 2024
- Primary school enrolment
- 111% 2025
- Secondary school enrolment
- 79.6% 2025
- Higher education enrolment
- 34.5% 2025
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.1% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 3.3% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $85 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 43.9% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.7 2020
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.7 2020
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 1.6 2021
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 23.3 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 26.6 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 80 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 10.5% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 29.5% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 22.6% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 95.7% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 83.4% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 81% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 2.8 2022
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 15.6 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 12.6 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 55 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 54.1 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 2.2 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 24.4% 2024
- Protected areas
- 4.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 1,014 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 66.5% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 70% 2025
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 79 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 3.2 2024
- Internet domain
- .in
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 99.9% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 1,223 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 34.9% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 19.1% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 75.8% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 180,415,784 2023
- Airports
- 315 2025
- Railways, km
- 65,554 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.7% 2020
- Researchers per million people
- 259 2020
- Scientific articles per year
- 228,174 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 63,217 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 18.6% 2024