Iceland
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 392.4K (2025). World rank 176 of 216; in Europe, 41 of 48. Area: 103,000 km². World rank 109 of 249; in Europe, 16 of 52. GDP per person: $98,323 (2025). World rank 9 of 210 (1 = best); in Europe, 6 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 330.8K → 392.4K, GDP $17.7B → $38.6B, and GDP per person $53,506 → $98,323.
State
- Official name
- Iceland
- Local name
- Ísland
- Capital
- Reykjavik
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Halla Tómasdóttir
- Head of government
- Kristrún Mjöll Frostadóttir
- Independence
- June 17, 1944
- Women in parliament
- 46% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 392,404 2025
- Area
- 103,000 km²
- GDP
- $38.6B 2025
- GDP per person
- $98,323 2025
- Life expectancy
- 82.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Icelandic
- Currency
- Icelandic Króna (ISK)
- Time zones
- UTC
- Calling code
- +354
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 4,970
- Neighbours
- None
- Agricultural land
- 16.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Hvannadalshnúkur, 2,110 m
- Lowest point
- Atlantic Ocean, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 557
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 5
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 11°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 0°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,940 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 3.8 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.5% 2025
- Living in cities
- 94.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +2.7K 2025
- Born in another country
- 25.1% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 17.5% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 66.5% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 16% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 84.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 81.2 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.6 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 11.2 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.8 2024
Society
- Religions
- Protestant 63.1%, other 21.6%, no religion 7.7%, and Catholic 3.8% (2024)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 85.2 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 84.8 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 84 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 73.8 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 82.7 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $83,431 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +1.3% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $89,220 2025
- Inflation
- +4.1% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 118 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 3.7% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 20.1% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 66.2% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3.6% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 8.7% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 70% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 40.1% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 42.4% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -3.9% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- -2.2% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.7% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 23.2% 2023
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 26.8 2019
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.1% 2019
Education
- Primary school enrolment
- 98.2% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 109% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 76.5% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 7.3% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 9% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $7,642 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 14.9% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.4 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 15.9 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.8 2020
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 2.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 2.8 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 3 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 6.9% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 57.4% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 9.2% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 98.8% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.3 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 2 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 11.9 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 88.8 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes and volcanoes
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 4.9 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 8.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 11.1 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 0.6% 2024
- Protected areas
- 2.9% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 445,023 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 0.4% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 98.2% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 121 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 37.5 2024
- Internet domain
- .is
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 47,510 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 82.4% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 100% 2016
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 0% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 4,342,331 2023
- Airports
- 82 2025
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 2.6% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 5,953 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 716 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 38 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 54% 2024