Germany
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 83.5M (2025). World rank 19 of 216; in Europe, 2 of 48. Area: 357,114 km². World rank 64 of 249; in Europe, 6 of 52. GDP: $5.1T (2025). World rank 3 of 210; in Europe, 1 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 81.7M → 83.5M, GDP $3.4T → $5.1T, and GDP per person $41,930 → $60,496.
State
- Official name
- Federal Republic of Germany
- Local name
- Deutschland
- Capital
- Berlin
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Frank-Walter Steinmeier
- Head of government
- Friedrich Merz
- Women in parliament
- 32.4% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 83,491,249 2025
- Area
- 357,114 km²
- GDP
- $5.1T 2025
- GDP per person
- $60,496 2025
- Life expectancy
- 80.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- German
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +49
- Emergency numbers
- 110, 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 2,389
- Neighbours
- Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
- Agricultural land
- 47.4% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Zugspitze, 2,963 m
- Lowest point
- Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, -3 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 263
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 10
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 21°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -1°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 700 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 233.8 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- 0% 2025
- Living in cities
- 82.1% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -334.1K 2025
- Born in another country
- 19.8% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 13.9% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 62.4% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 23.7% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 83.2 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 78.5 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.4 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 8.1 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 12.1 2024
Society
- Religions
- no religion 43.8%, Catholic 24.8%, Protestant 22.6%, other 5.1%, and Muslim 3.7% (2022)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 85.1 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 81.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 82.8 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 76.4 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 86 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $75,407 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +0.2% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $60,200 2025
- Inflation
- +2.2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 81 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 0.9% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 25.2% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 64.5% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3.7% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 6.9% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 55.3% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 40.4% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 38.1% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- +4.5% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +1.9% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.5% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 10.9% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 33.7 2022
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.7% 2022
Education
- Primary school enrolment
- 103% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 100% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 76.7% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 5.2% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 12.3% 2024
- Health spending per person
- $6,849 2024
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 10.7% 2024
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.5 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 12.3 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 7.6 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 96% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 3.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 3.7 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 4 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.2% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.8% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 53.8% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 22% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 99.2% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.9 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 3.8 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 12.9 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 69.3 2025
- Natural hazards
- floods
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 8.8 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 6.9 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 8.1 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 32.8% 2024
- Protected areas
- 40% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 1,286 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 35.4% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 93.5% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 129 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 45.6 2024
- Internet domain
- .de
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 6,060 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 17.6% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 39.8% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 40.9% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 80,199,572 2023
- Airports
- 840 2025
- Railways, km
- 39,379 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 3.2% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 5,926 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 108,782 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 40,085 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 18% 2024