Ethiopia
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 135.5M (2025). World rank 10 of 216; in Africa, 2 of 54. Area: 1,104,300 km². World rank 28 of 249; in Africa, 10 of 59. GDP per person: $933 (2025). World rank 198 of 210 (1 = best); in Africa, 41 of 52. From 2015 to 2025: population 103.9M → 135.5M, GDP $62.1B → $126.4B, and GDP per person $598 → $933.
State
- Official name
- Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
- Local name
- ኢትዮጵያ
- Capital
- Addis Ababa
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Taye Atske Selassie
- Head of government
- Abiy Ahmed
- Women in parliament
- 41.9% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 135,472,051 2025
- Area
- 1,104,300 km²
- GDP
- $126.4B 2025
- GDP per person
- $933 2025
- Life expectancy
- 67.6 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Amharic
- Currency
- Ethiopian Birr (ETB)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +251
- Emergency numbers
- 907, 911, 939, 991
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E, F, J, L
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan
- Agricultural land
- 34.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Ras Dashen, 4,550 m
- Lowest point
- Danakil Depression, -125 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 1,330
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 16
- Warmest month in the capital
- May, 18°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- November, 14°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 848 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 122.7 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +2.6% 2025
- Living in cities
- 24.1% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +24.1K 2025
- Born in another country
- 0.9% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 38.8% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 57.9% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 3.3% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 71 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 64.4 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 3.9 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 31.5 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 5.9 2024
Society
- Religions
- Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, and Protestant 22.8% (2016)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 43.2 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 40.5 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 39.7 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 42.9 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 34.3 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $3,622 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +9.8% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $1,110 2025
- Inflation
- +13.2% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 33 2024
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 32.8% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 27.8% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 36.6% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3.3% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 5.4% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 58.5% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 13.3% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 20.2% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -2.5% 2024
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +3% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 4.8% 2024
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 3.4% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 31.1 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 38.6% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 60.5% 2022
- Primary school enrolment
- 84.4% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 33.9% 2015
- Higher education enrolment
- 5.9% 2014
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 2.3% 2024
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 2.8% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $35 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 46.3% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.1 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.2 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.3 2016
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 72% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 34.5 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 44.5 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 195 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.7% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 4.4% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 10.9% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 5.2% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 55.6% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 10.4% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 7% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 8.5 2012
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 28.2 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 6.1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 33.1 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, volcanoes, and droughts
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 23.8 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.2 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 1.5 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 23.8% 2024
- Protected areas
- 17% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 973 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 32.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 21.9% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 65 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0.6 2024
- Internet domain
- .et
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 56.6% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 157 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 90.6% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 95.3% 2020
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 0% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 15,273,254 2023
- Airports
- 58 2025
- Railways, km
- 659 2017
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.3% 2017
- Researchers per million people
- 89 2017
- Scientific articles per year
- 6,728 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 66 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 3.8% 2023