Egypt
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 118.4M (2025). World rank 13 of 216; in Africa, 3 of 54. Area: 1,002,450 km². World rank 31 of 249; in Africa, 12 of 59. GDP: $365.3B (2025). World rank 43 of 210; in Africa, 2 of 52. From 2015 to 2025: population 99.6M → 118.4M, GDP $329.4B → $365.3B, and GDP per person $3,307 → $3,086.
State
- Official name
- Arab Republic of Egypt
- Local name
- مصر
- Capital
- Cairo
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
- Head of government
- Mostafa Madbouly
- Independence
- February 28, 1922
- Women in parliament
- 26.9% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 118,365,995 2025
- Area
- 1,002,450 km²
- GDP
- $365.3B 2025
- GDP per person
- $3,086 2025
- Life expectancy
- 71.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Egyptian Pound (EGP)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +20
- Emergency numbers
- 122, 123, 180
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 2,450
- Neighbours
- Israel, Libya, Palestine, Sudan
- Agricultural land
- 4.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Catherine, 2,629 m
- Lowest point
- Qattara Depression, -133 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 321
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 22
- Warmest month in the capital
- July, 30°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 12°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 18 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 118.1 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.6% 2025
- Living in cities
- 42.9% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -57.3K 2025
- Born in another country
- 1% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 31.6% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 63.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 5.3% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 74 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 69.7 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 2.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 20.9 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 5.5 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 90% and Christian 10%
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 47.3 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 33.9 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 50.2 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 47.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 27.7 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $20,204 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +4.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Lower-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $3,260 2025
- Inflation
- +14.1% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 15 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 16.6% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 32.1% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 47.3% 2025
- Unemployment
- 6.8% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 18.3% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 18.5% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 19.8% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 31.5% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -3.8% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +4.2% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 11.4% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 12.5% 2015
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 28.5 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 1.4% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 79.5% 2022
- Primary school enrolment
- 96.7% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 84.8% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 38% 2025
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.8% 2008
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 4.9% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $141 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 57.2% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.7 2020
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 1.8 2018
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 1.1 2021
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 97% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 20.8 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 22.4 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 17 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 22.4% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 73.3% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 25% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 97.3% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 97.1% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.3 2017
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 10.1 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 0.6 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 50.1 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes, floods, droughts, landslides, and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 43.2 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 2.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 3.3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 0% 2024
- Protected areas
- 11.6% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 9 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 141% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 74.7% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 97 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 11.7 2024
- Internet domain
- .eg .مصر
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 1,555 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 6.1% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 12.2% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 86.9% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 16,672,111 2023
- Airports
- 73 2025
- Railways, km
- 5,085 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 1,120 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 22,854 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 563 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 3.8% 2024