Chad
Country in Africa
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 21M (2025). World rank 63 of 216; in Africa, 23 of 54. Area: 1,284,000 km². World rank 22 of 249; in Africa, 5 of 59. Life expectancy: 55.2 years (2024). World rank 215 of 216 (1 = best); in Africa, 53 of 54. From 2015 to 2025: population 14.6M → 21M, GDP $14.6B → $21.5B, and GDP per person $994 → $1,022.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Chad
- Local name
- تشاد
- Capital
- N'Djamena
- Region
- Africa
- Form of government
- Presidential republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Mahamat Déby
- Independence
- August 11, 1960
- Women in parliament
- 33.5% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 21,003,705 2025
- Area
- 1,284,000 km²
- GDP
- $21.5B 2025
- GDP per person
- $1,022 2025
- Life expectancy
- 55.2 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Arabic, French
- Currency
- Central African CFA Franc (XAF)
- Time zones
- UTC+1
- Calling code
- +235
- Emergency numbers
- 17, 18
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, E, F
- Mains voltage
- 220 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Landlocked
- Coastline, km
- 0
- Neighbours
- Cameroon, Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan
- Agricultural land
- 40% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Emi Koussi, 3,445 m
- Lowest point
- Bodélé Depression, 160 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 543
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 29
- Warmest month in the capital
- May, 34°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, 24°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 322 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 16.4 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +3.4% 2025
- Living in cities
- 27.6% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -123.1K 2025
- Born in another country
- 6.3% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 46% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 51.9% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 2.1% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 57.2 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 53.4 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 6 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 43.3 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 11.1 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Catholic 20%, and no religion 2.8%
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 35.4 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 21 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 30.8 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 36.5 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 31 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $2,903 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +5.6% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Low income
- Gross national income per person
- $970 2025
- Inflation
- -3.9% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 35 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 36.3% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 26.7% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 33.9% 2025
- Unemployment
- 1.1% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 1.5% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 47.3% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 29.4% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 16.7% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -3.2% 1994
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- 0% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.1% 1994
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 37.4 2022
- Living on under $3 a day
- 39.5% 2022
Education
- Adult literacy
- 30.6% 2019
- Primary school enrolment
- 88.5% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 23.5% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 4.4% 2020
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.2% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 5% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $47 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 51.7% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 0.1 2023
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 0.2 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 0.2 2020
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 66% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 56.3 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 97.3 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 748 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.9% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.3% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 21.4% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 7.4% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 52.2% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 13.1% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 11% 2024
Safety
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 32.4 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 5.2 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 38 2025
- Natural hazards
- droughts and dust and sand storms
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 43 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 0.1 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 5 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 3% 2024
- Protected areas
- 21% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 813 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 4.3% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 12.6% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 73 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 0 2024
- Internet domain
- .td
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 13.4% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 13 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 70% 2022
- Electricity from renewables
- 5.7% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 97.7% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 28,332 2014
- Airports
- 44 2025
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2016
- Researchers per million people
- 57 2016
- Scientific articles per year
- 52 2023