Bulgaria
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 6.4M (2025). World rank 111 of 216; in Europe, 21 of 48. Area: 110,879 km². World rank 106 of 249; in Europe, 15 of 52. GDP: $130.8B (2025). World rank 63 of 210; in Europe, 24 of 47. From 2015 to 2025: population 7M → 6.4M, GDP $50.8B → $130.8B, and GDP per person $7,269 → $20,328. Worse than all its neighbours (Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Türkiye): life expectancy.
State
- Official name
- Republic of Bulgaria
- Local name
- България
- Capital
- Sofia
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Iliana Iotova
- Head of government
- Rumen Radev
- Independence
- September 22, 1908
- Women in parliament
- 25% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 6,433,302 2025
- Area
- 110,879 km²
- GDP
- $130.8B 2025
- GDP per person
- $20,328 2025
- Life expectancy
- 75.8 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Bulgarian
- Currency
- Bulgarian Lev (BGN)
- Time zones
- UTC+3
- Calling code
- +359
- Emergency numbers
- 112
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 354
- Neighbours
- Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Türkiye
- Agricultural land
- 46.2% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Musala, 2,925 m
- Lowest point
- Black Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 472
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 10
- Warmest month in the capital
- August, 21°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -2°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 608 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 58 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.1% 2025
- Living in cities
- 74.2% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -3K 2025
- Born in another country
- 4.4% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 14.4% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 63.4% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 22.2% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 79.5 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 72.2 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.7 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 8.3 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 15.6 2024
Society
- Religions
- Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, and no religion 4.7% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 57.9 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 42.2 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 54.9 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 61.3 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 62.7 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $44,451 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +3.1% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $17,780 2025
- Inflation
- +4.6% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 24 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.5% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 21.2% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 63.3% 2025
- Unemployment
- 3.5% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 10.2% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 50.4% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 50.7% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 51.8% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -5.8% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +3.7% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 2.1% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 20.7% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 39.5 2023
- Living on under $3 a day
- 1% 2023
Education
- Adult literacy
- 98.3% 2011
- Primary school enrolment
- 95.3% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 94.8% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 69.6% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 4.5% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 7.9% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $1,258 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 35.5% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.3 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 4.2 2023
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 8.2 2023
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 94% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 4.6 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 5.7 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 6 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.4% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 52% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 38.7% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 99.2% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 86.1% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 98% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.1 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 9.2 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 9.5 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 69.9 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes and landslides
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 19.7 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 5.3 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 7.3 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 36.4% 2024
- Protected areas
- 35.6% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 3,248 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 40.2% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 82.4% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 118 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 37 2023
- Internet domain
- .bg
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 5,470 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 20.4% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 22.2% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 29% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 723,825 2023
- Airports
- 107 2025
- Railways, km
- 4,029 2020
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.8% 2023
- Researchers per million people
- 2,401 2023
- Scientific articles per year
- 4,998 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 179 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 13.4% 2024