Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country in Europe
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 3.1M (2025). World rank 135 of 216; in Europe, 28 of 48. Area: 51,209 km². World rank 129 of 249; in Europe, 26 of 52. Life expectancy: 78 years (2024). World rank 68 of 216 (1 = best); in Europe, 36 of 48. From 2015 to 2025: population 3.5M → 3.1M, GDP $16.4B → $32.6B, and GDP per person $4,662 → $10,382. Worse than all its neighbours (Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia): GDP per person.
State
- Official name
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Local name
- Bosna i Hercegovina
- Capital
- Sarajevo
- Region
- Europe
- Form of government
- Parliamentary republic
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Denis Bećirović, Željka Cvijanović, Željko Komšić
- Head of government
- Borjana Krišto
- Independence
- March 1, 1992
- Women in parliament
- 19.1% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 3,140,095 2025
- Area
- 51,209 km²
- GDP
- $32.6B 2025
- GDP per person
- $10,382 2025
- Life expectancy
- 78 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
- Currency
- Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM)
- Time zones
- UTC+2
- Calling code
- +387
- Emergency numbers
- 112, 122, 123, 124
- Driving side
- Right
- Plug types
- C, F
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 20
- Neighbours
- Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia
- Agricultural land
- 22.4% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Maglić, 2,386 m
- Lowest point
- Adriatic Sea, 0 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 500
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 9
- Warmest month in the capital
- August, 20°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- January, -2°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 1,028 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 61.3 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- -0.8% 2025
- Living in cities
- 52.7% 2025
- Net migration per year
- -7K 2025
- Born in another country
- 1.1% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 12.9% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64.3% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 22.9% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 81.1 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 74.7 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.5 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 7.7 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 13.5 2024
Society
- Religions
- Muslim 50.7%, Orthodox 30.7%, Catholic 15.2%, other 1.2%, and no religion 1.1% (2013)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 53 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 38.4 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 42.6 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 48.6 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 53 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $25,814 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +2.1% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- Upper-middle income
- Gross national income per person
- $9,940 2025
- Inflation
- +4% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 40 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 4.4% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 21.5% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 57.7% 2025
- Unemployment
- 11% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 28.2% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 39.2% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 41% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 54.1% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -4.1% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.6% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 10.7% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 20.2% 2024
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 30.3 2021
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.3% 2021
Education
- Adult literacy
- 97% 2013
- Primary school enrolment
- 101% 2023
- Secondary school enrolment
- 87.9% 2023
- Higher education enrolment
- 45.5% 2023
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 3.3% 2023
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 8.9% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $773 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 31% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 2.6 2019
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 6.7 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 2.4 2019
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 69% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 5.5 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 6.9 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 6 2023
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 10.3% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 56.9% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 37.1% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 96.1% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 95.4% 2018
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 65% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 1.2 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 13.5 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 9 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 59.7 2025
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 26.1 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 6.5 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 8.7 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 42.2% 2024
- Protected areas
- 9.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 11,077 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 2.1% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 86.1% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 121 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 29.4 2024
- Internet domain
- .ba
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 3,860 2024
- Renewable share of energy use
- 36.6% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 39.3% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 61.6% 2024
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 1,593 2020
- Airports
- 20 2025
- Railways, km
- 965 2014
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 0.2% 2024
- Researchers per million people
- 705 2024
- Scientific articles per year
- 1,083 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 34 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 6.2% 2024