Australia
Country in Oceania
CountryScope
In brief
Population: 27.6M (2025). World rank 55 of 216; in Oceania, 1 of 19. Area: 7,692,024 km². World rank 7 of 249; in Oceania, 1 of 27. GDP: $1.8T (2025). World rank 15 of 210; in Oceania, 1 of 19. From 2015 to 2025: population 23.8M → 27.6M, GDP $1.4T → $1.8T, and GDP per person $56,970 → $65,130.
State
- Official name
- Commonwealth of Australia
- Local name
- Australia
- Capital
- Canberra
- Region
- Oceania
- Form of government
- Federal parliamentary monarchy
- UN member
- Yes
- Head of state
- Charles III
- Head of government
- Anthony Albanese
- Independence
- January 1, 1901
- Women in parliament
- 46% 2025
Key figures
- Population
- 27,614,411 2025
- Area
- 7,692,024 km²
- GDP
- $1.8T 2025
- GDP per person
- $65,130 2025
- Life expectancy
- 83.1 years 2024
Practical information
- Languages
- English
- Currency
- Australian Dollar (AUD)
- Time zones
- UTC+8 – UTC+11
- Calling code
- +61
- Emergency numbers
- 000, 106, 112
- Driving side
- Left
- Plug types
- I
- Mains voltage
- 230 V
Territory
- Sea access
- Has a coastline
- Coastline, km
- 25,760
- Neighbours
- None
- Agricultural land
- 47.3% 2024
Elevation
- Highest point
- Mount Kosciuszko, 2,228 m
- Lowest point
- Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, -15 m
- Mean elevation, m
- 330
Climate
- Average temperature in the capital, °C
- 13
- Warmest month in the capital
- January, 21°C
- Coldest month in the capital
- July, 5°C
- Precipitation, mm per year
- 534 2022
Population and migration
- Population density
- 3.6 per km² 2025
- Population growth per year
- +1.5% 2025
- Living in cities
- 87.7% 2025
- Net migration per year
- +137.1K 2025
- Born in another country
- 30.4% 2024
Age and life expectancy
- Aged 0–14
- 17.7% 2025
- Aged 15–64
- 64.2% 2025
- Aged 65 and over
- 18.1% 2025
- Life expectancy, women
- 85.1 years 2024
- Life expectancy, men
- 81.1 years 2024
Births and deaths
- Children per woman
- 1.5 2024
- Births per 1,000 people
- 10.7 2024
- Deaths per 1,000 people
- 6.9 2024
Society
- Religions
- no religion 38.4%, Catholic 20%, Protestant 18.1%, other Christian 3.5%, and Muslim 3.2% (2021)
Quality of governance (100 = best)
- Rule of law, score 0–100
- 82.7 2025
- Control of corruption, score 0–100
- 85.1 2025
- Government effectiveness, score 0–100
- 88.2 2025
- Regulatory quality, score 0–100
- 84.2 2025
- Voice and accountability, score 0–100
- 83.8 2025
Size and growth
- GDP per person at purchasing power parity
- $71,934 2025
- GDP growth per year
- +1.4% 2025
Income and prices
- Income level (World Bank)
- High income
- Gross national income per person
- $64,120 2025
- Inflation
- +2.9% 2025
- Price level, USA = 100
- 90 2025
Structure and jobs
- Agriculture, share of GDP
- 2.3% 2025
- Industry, share of GDP
- 23.9% 2025
- Services, share of GDP
- 67.5% 2025
- Unemployment
- 4.1% 2025
- Youth unemployment, ages 15–24
- 9.6% 2025
- Women in work or seeking work
- 62.5% 2025
Trade and finance
- Exports, share of GDP
- 23.2% 2025
- Imports, share of GDP
- 22.7% 2025
- Current account balance, share of GDP
- -2.8% 2025
- Foreign direct investment, share of GDP
- +2.1% 2025
- Remittances received, share of GDP
- 0.1% 2025
- Tax revenue, share of GDP
- 23.6% 2022
Poverty and inequality
- Gini index (0 = full equality)
- 33.8 2020
- Living on under $3 a day
- 0.9% 2020
Education
- Primary school enrolment
- 99.6% 2024
- Secondary school enrolment
- 132% 2024
- Higher education enrolment
- 108% 2024
- Public spending on education, share of GDP
- 5.1% 2022
Healthcare
- Health spending, share of GDP
- 10.4% 2023
- Health spending per person
- $6,980 2023
- Out-of-pocket health spending, share of total
- 15.9% 2023
- Doctors per 1,000 people
- 4.1 2022
- Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
- 13.5 2022
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- 3.8 2016
- Children vaccinated against measles
- 91% 2024
Public health
- Infant deaths per 1,000 births
- 3.1 2024
- Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
- 3.6 2024
- Maternal deaths per 100,000 births
- 2 2023
- HIV prevalence, ages 15–49
- 0.1% 2024
- Diabetes prevalence, ages 20–79
- 7.4% 2024
- Overweight adults
- 64% 2022
- Adults who use tobacco
- 11.6% 2024
Living conditions
- Access to safe drinking water
- 100% 2024
- Access to basic sanitation
- 100% 2024
- Access to clean cooking fuels
- 100% 2024
Safety
- Homicides per 100,000 people
- 0.9 2023
- Road deaths per 100,000 people
- 4.9 2019
- Suicides per 100,000 people
- 13.1 2021
- Political stability and absence of violence, score 0–100
- 79.3 2025
- Natural hazards
- volcanoes, tropical cyclones, droughts, and wildfires
Air and emissions
- Air pollution PM2.5, µg/m³
- 6.4 2023
- CO₂ emissions, tonnes per person
- 14.1 2024
- All greenhouse gases, tonnes CO₂e per person
- 21.8 2024
Nature and water
- Forest cover
- 17.4% 2024
- Protected areas
- 33.5% 2025
- Renewable fresh water, m³ per person
- 18,909 2022
- Water stress, share of fresh water withdrawn
- 4.7% 2022
Internet and communications
- Using the internet
- 96.1% 2024
- Mobile subscriptions per 100 people
- 113 2024
- Home broadband per 100 people
- 36.5 2024
- Internet domain
- .au
Energy
- Access to electricity
- 100% 2024
- Electricity use, kWh per person
- 9,795 2025
- Renewable share of energy use
- 12.3% 2021
- Electricity from renewables
- 26.7% 2021
- Electricity from fossil fuels
- 62.5% 2025
Transport
- Air passengers per year
- 68,958,577 2023
- Airports
- 2,257 2025
- Railways, km
- 32,606 2022
Science and innovation
- Research spending, share of GDP
- 1.9% 2021
- Researchers per million people
- 4,569 2010
- Scientific articles per year
- 54,589 2023
- Patent applications by residents
- 2,542 2024
- High-tech share of manufactured exports
- 25.2% 2024